classification : informal
informal fallacies of defective inductive reasoning include two that could be
called pure fallacies of relevanceWrong Conclusion — an argument whose conclusion(s) are not warranted by assumptions, facts, or construct.
Red Herring — a specious argument made to confuse or complicate.
Fallacies of relevance offer evidence that has no bearing on the truth of the conclusion. In order to prove a conclusion true, evidence must offered to support it.
A legislator is trying to argue the merits of her welfare reform bill. Instead of talking about the specific points in the bill, she bases her presentation on the premise that “every American is entitled to a decent standard of living.” While the last point may be true, it does not logically make the case that the bill in question will lead to the desired outcome.
Fallacy of the Irrefutable Hypothesis
Appeal to Ignorance
Appeal to Emotion
Inappropriate Appeal to Authority
Personal Attack ( Ad Hominem )
Appeals to Prejudice ( Non Sequitur )
Appeal to Force
Irrelevant Conclusion
